Description of Life in the Trenches Essay example - 546 Words

Description of Life in the Trenches You might be thinking that life in trenches was non-stop death, violence, and pain. But have you ever thought about why? Or what do soldiers do in their trenches when theyre not fighting or dying? Do you always trust sources when you read them? Do you always believe what they say on television documentaries? How can you without a source of evidence? I am going to be telling you what life was really like in the trenches. Firstly, soldiers had to put up with conditions in the trenches. This could have been really tough. Sometimes, it would downpour; there would be gales of wind it was such blustery weather. They couldnt exactly put up a tent or get out an†¦show more content†¦Adding to this point, when it came to weapons, the trenches were not a good protection. Gases could easily run into the trenches harming most soldiers. There was hardly anything to do about it because if they got out of their trenches they would obviously be shot down. Secondly, the soldiers themselves werent all that happy most of the time. They tended to get very bored when they werent fighting. All they could do was sit there and wait. Also they usually go dreadfully hungry. There wasnt much food to live on and whatever they had, it had to be shared out between all of them. This could have made them feel very agitated. When the soldiers got time to sleep, they sometimes had bad dreams and nightmares. This made them scared and worried about the war. Sometimes the dreams were bad things happening to the soldiers family. This also made the soldier feel panicked, as they hadnt seen their family for a long time. Being a soldier wasnt the best job in the world either. Each soldier must have seen or experienced something gruelling that they didnt really want to see. This caused bad memories for them making them feel insecure that something that bad is possible to happen to them. This made them abit nervous about staying tin the trenches as people have died in them,Show MoreRelatedLetter from Trenches971 Words   |  4 PagesA letter from the trenches Grade 9 Humanities - Assessment Task AOI: Health and Social Education Imagine you are a soldier fighting in the First World War in 1915†¦ Your character could be in the trenches on the Western Front as: British, French or German soldier a native conscript from one of the colonies in Africa or Asia a volunteer from a commonwealth ally like Canada or South Africa Alternatively, your character could be: a German or Russian soldier on the Eastern Front a TurkishRead MoreSiegfried Sassoon - Suicide in the Trenches875 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide in the trenches Title and Author: â€Å"Suicide in the Trenches† is a poem written by Siegfried Sassoon. Sassoon wrote this poem during his First World War military service and published in his 1918 collection: â€Å"Counter-Attack and Other Poems† Form and style This poem is a lyric which contains of three stanzas each containing four lines. This is written in rhyming couplets, the style of the poem seems very simple and song-like War is destructive of youth and innocence. There is a changeRead MoreSuicide in the Trenches Analysis Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesSuicide in the Trenches – an analysis What is the meaning of war? What is war like? How do soldiers feel in a war? Glorious? Depressed? This poem accurately shows the harsh but sadly true reality of war - death, suicide and depression. Indeed, as quoted by Sir Williams Henry - â€Å"Nobody in his right mind would enjoy war†. The point of view is third person. This is effective in showing one case of suicide, in third person observation, representing the depression and desire to quickly die in everyoneRead MoreAn Extract From Fallen Soldiers : Reshaping The Memory Of The Wars1046 Words   |  5 PagesSource A An extract from Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the Wars, by George L. Mosse, published in 1990. Source B Soldiers in the trenches of Passchendaele, 1917 Source C Extract from a letter from British soldier, Robert Graves, to a friend, May 1915. Source D Extract from How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa by Joshua S. Goldstein, 2001 Source E Extract form the diary of Miss G.M West, a middle class woman who enrolled as a policewoman in 1916. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Siegfried Sassoon 1029 Words   |  5 Pagesthan achieving some type of betterment for his countrymen. He also saw the horrors of the war and how badly it wounded its soldiers mentally and physically. This influence cemented his view of war. He wrote about the horrors of war for the rest of his life. Sassoon became a focal point against World War I his poetry and stances were seen as powerful positions that targeted jingoism-fueled war mongerers and pushed to achieve peace for the sake of soldiers. One of Sassoon’s most powerful piece’s was â€Å"DreamersRead MoreThe Museum Is A Great Education Tool Of World War I944 Words   |  4 Pagespicture of how it was during the war. For example, the scenes of life size trenches and crater, pictures during the war, different types of clothing each country wore, Reflection room with World War 1-era music, etc. Overall, the museum is a great education tool of World War 1. The museum on the whole helped me to understand the Great War better. One of the most helpful exhibits was the scene of trenches and crater. I have seen trenches in movies and images. But, I have never seen it with my own, bareRead MoreHi, My Name Is Mathew Yeates And I Am Here Writing To You1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe trenches and make the battlefields resemble dams of mud. For the opposition, the Turks, the climate and weather patterns will not be an issue as they are accustomed to the conditions. Many of them are from a rural background and quite well adapted to enduring the elements. Even the rain will not be as much of a problem for the Turks as their trenches are always situated on higher ground than those of the ANZACs and are not prone to flooding. What will the facilities be like/life in theRead MoreChapter 1 Is One Of The Most Important Paragraphs In The1097 Words   |  5 Pagesone Kemmerich is dead. During World War 1 on the western front, trench warfare was the most common war strategy. Trench warfare includes digging deep trenches in the ground to serve as protection from the opposing army. In these trenches, there were poor conditions such as mud, rats, and disease spread quickly. Due to the poor conditions of the trenches, Mà ¼ller most likely wanted the boots to protect his feet. This may be an important symbol throughout the story. Chapter 4 is full of imagery andRead MoreFilm Research Analysis of Joyeux Noel 779 Words   |  3 PagesFilm Research Analysis The film Joyeux Noel is the true story of the Christmas truce of December 1914 in the trenches of World War 1. Throughout the film, we follow the German, French, and Scottish soldiers as they learn to set aside their differences, put themselves in each others shoes, and manage to have a cease fire on Christmas. The soldiers learn to understand each other and are able to pull some humanity out of the horrors of the war. There are many external conflicts throughout the storyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Dulce Et Decorum Est702 Words   |  3 PagesThe poem ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ by Wilfred Owen is a shocking and thought provoking poem which details the experiences of soldiers in the trenches during WW1. Owen uses graphic descriptions of life in the trenches to convey a powerful message to the reader. He uses many important techniques to describe to the readers the graphics of war. He also uses his poetry as a vehicle to express his ideas on the horror and futility of war. This poem was made to un idolize the idea of war and to create an

502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway The author challenges the usefulness of the recall data produced by portfolio tests as manufactures of the performance of print advertising. The differences between the effectiveness of these recall measures and other recall measures are considered in a new light. Test has been THE most widely used approaches nonwhite only the â€Å"recall score† aspects of portfolio the to tests are questioned here. We will write a custom essay sample on Portfolio Tests : Are They Here to Stay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other findings pre-testing of print advertising. This method, which involves exposure of the â€Å"test ad† in a folder which also contains number of â€Å"control ads,† yields various and sundry â€Å"playbacks† or recall data as the principal criteria of advertising performance. Such recall measures are typically expressed as a percentage of respondents who can recall the brand and/or product advertised, or pictorial or copy aspects of an advertisement after the folder of advertisements has been viewed in the interviewer’s presence, for a brief time interval. These playbacks are usually based on unaided recall of the ad or ads in question, although standard â€Å"prompts† are often used to produce aided-recall playbacks to supplement those obtained from unaided recall. The portfolio method may also involve ratings of the ads or products advertised in many instances. The playback scores are the main quantitative derivatives of portfolio tests per SE, however. Note that John C. Maloney is Manager of Research Development at Leo Burnett Company, Inc. , Chicago. He is a graduate of the University of Nebraska and holds M. S. And Ph. D. Degrees in psychology from Purdue University. In addition to broad experience in marketing and consumer research work, DRP. Maleness’s activities have provided him with an unusual opportunity to compare wide range of advertising-research techniques. He is a lecturer in Psychology of Advertising and Selling at Northwestern University. 32 from tests which may involve the presentation of more than one advertisement to a respondent in the same folder or â€Å"portfolio† are not considered in this article. How to cite Portfolio Tests : Are They Here to Stay, Papers 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway 502 Bad Gateway The author challenges the usefulness of the recall data produced by portfolio tests as manufactures of the performance of print advertising. The differences between the effectiveness of these recall measures and other recall measures are considered in a new light. PORTFOLIO test has been THE most widely used approaches another only the â€Å"recall score† aspects of portfolio the to tests are questioned here. We will write a custom essay sample on Portfolio Tests : Are They Here to Stay? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other findings pre-testing of print advertising. This method, which involves exposure of the â€Å"test ad† in a folder which also contains number of â€Å"control ads,† yields various and sundry â€Å"playbacks† or recall data as the principal criteria of advertising performance. Such recall measures are typically expressed as a percentage of respondents who can recall the brand and/or product advertised, or pictorial or copy aspects of an advertisement after the folder of advertisements has been viewed in the interviewer’s presence, for a brief time interval. These playbacks are usually based on unaided recall of the ad or ads in question, although standard â€Å"prompts† are often used to produce aided-recall playbacks to supplement those obtained from unaided recall. The portfolio method may also involve ratings of the ads or products advertised in many instances. The playback scores are the main quantitative derivatives of portfolio tests per SE, however. Note that ; ABOUT THE AUTHOR: John C. Maloney is Manager of Research Development at Leo Burnett Company, Inc. , Chicago. He is a graduate of the University of Nebraska and holds M. S. And Ph. D. Degrees in psychology from Purdue University. In addition to broad experience in marketing and consumer research work, Dry. Maleness’s activities have provided him with an unusual opportunity to compare wide range of advertising-research techniques. He is a lecturer in Psychology of Advertising and Selling at Northwestern University. 32 from tests which may involve the presentation of more than one advertisement to a respondent in the same folder or â€Å"portfolio† are not considered in this article. POPULARITY OF PORTFOLIO TESTS Portfolio tests have a high face validity. They seem more realistic than the protesting methods which â€Å"rub respondents’ noses in the test ad†-?without the benefit of control ads as a background. They are straight-forward, easily administered, easily analyzed, and produce results easily communicated to the non-researcher. Moreover, they are highly reliable, in the sense that very comparable results are obtained from repetitions of portfolio tests using the same control ads. The author has found the average rank-order correlations of unaided, correct brand recall scores to be in excess of . 90 for all possible interrelations of seven different ten-ad tests using the same nine control ads. ) It is little wonder, then, that portfolio tests have been so popular. How does one dare to question whether or not they are here to stay? Why would they not be here to stay? THE CASE AGAINST PORTFOLIO TESTS Yet portfolio tests, as they are commonly us ed today, are not here to stay. The reason is simply that they very seldom work for the purpose for which they are intended. PORTFOLIO TESTS – ARE THEY HERE TO STAY? Brand and/or product being advertised. These include variations which result from the fact that people are most likely to notice and least likely to forget ads for those brands and Common Purposes of Portfolio Tests products in which they are most Nina common purpose for which portfolio trusted or which they know the most sets (or any other print advertising breakout. sets) are used is to help the advertiser It can be seen that variations of the to decide whether to run Ad A or B as latter sort could account for considerable his next insertion in a given magazine â€Å"reliability† or stability in recall score or newspaper, when Ad A and Ad B are measures. If the same ads are involved in advertisements of the same size, are com- repeated tests, the general level of responsible as to black-white or amount of dents’ interest in, or a wareness of, the color, and are for the same brand and product being advertised would naturally rotund. End to be comparable from test to test. In other words, portfolio tests are often If the scores in question are more subject used to test headline, copy, or graphic to such influence than they are subject to variations when all other factors are held the influence of the differences among ads, constant and the advertiser wishes to SE- the scores would tend to be stable but could elect the best ad from among several hardly be regarded as meaningful measures possibilities. Of the performance of the ads themselves. Another use for portfolio tests-?the one The point is that portfolio test playbacks which accounts for the majority of re- are more subject to the non-valid, â€Å"underestimating instances of the use of such tests-? or-awareness† influence than they are sub’s to determine how well a new ad â€Å"stacks Eject to valid, â€Å"goodness-of-the- ad† influence. Up† in comparison with previous ads for the same brand of the same product or for evidence Against Portfolio Tests comparable brands of closely related The indictment of portfolio-test recall products. Cores rests on the assumption that if the same control ads are used for tests Factors Which Can effluence Recall Scores f different â€Å"test† ads for the same brand For present purposes it is convenient to of the same product, then the â€Å"test† ads’ classify the innumerable factors which can recall scores should vary more from test to influence recall scores in three ways: test th an do the recall scores for the control 1 . Sources of â€Å"error variance. † These ads. Include the troublesome variations If this is not found to be true, it can in interviewers’ motivations and ability- be assumed that either (a) the scores were ties, variations in respondents’ ability- unstable or unreliable (a possibility overtires to member the ads for ruled by a superabundance of evidence), interviewers, respondents’ varying or that (b) the scores are more subject inclinations to co- operate with the to the aforementioned, non-valid, â€Å"interventionists, seasonal factors, prop- or-awareness† influence than to the valid elms of â€Å"response set,† prior exposure â€Å"goodness-of-the-ad† influence. Either of biases, and other non-valid influences. These two conclusions would clearly jugs. Variations due to the differences gets that portfolio-test playbacks are among ads themselves. These Include suited for the purposes for which they are the valid influences of better or poorer commonly used. Use. Oaf headline, copy, graphics, and In Table 1, playback tabulations are brother elements. Ended for six different ten-ad portfolio 3. Variations due to respondents’ inhere- tests. These are expressed both in terms of .NET interest in, or awareness of, the percentage recalling the correct brand and Consider the purposes for which portfolio tests are ordinarily used. At the same time, consider those factors which might influence portfolio-test recall scores. How to cite Portfolio Tests : Are They Here to Stay?, Papers

Books Wuthering Heights Essay Example For Students

Books Wuthering Heights Essay An authors particular style and technique, is usually greatly attributed to their personality and individual preference. In the case of Emily Bronte, she was an extremely withdrawn and private person; and it is because of this, why she turned to books as a form of expression. In her notorious Wuthering Heights, she uses books as an important way to illustrate a number of key issues; most notably character, and the theme of love. Although subtle in her method, Bronte passion is what she employs as a tool in the construction of the epic tale. In the novel Wuthering Heights, the first time we are given reference to books is during chapter 3, prior to Lockwoods nightmare. Here we find the delirious houseguest in the confines of a mysterious room, and we are told that Catherines library was select, and its state of dissipation proved it to have been well used. p. 24. Instantly, this simple piece of information proved useful in giving the reader a glimpse of Catherines character. From this statement, we are able to conclude that Catherine was in fact a woman of knowledge; but we are still left to wonder exactly what type of knowledge she had. The fascinating attribute about books is that we all have different preferences. Furthermore is the fact that reading is usually seen as escapism of some sort; thus, it brings a sense of individualism into a world of persuasion, as well as peace of mind in an atmosphere of chaos. We will go further into this as we progress. Books are often used to shield us against the genuine problems of the human race. This is a main method of avoidance, although we must realize that there werent many other alternatives for entertainment. Books have the most powerful effects on its audience because its the only form of media whose outcomes rely solely on that of the reader; we also must consider that literature has been present for thousands of centuries. Books, therefore, are not only able to inform us, but let us portray the outcomes to our liking. When Lockwoods nightmare scene is at its climax, he is able to get rid of the terrifying figure when he snatched his hand through the hole, and hurriedly piled the books up in a pyramid against it. . Once again, this reference of books was simple, however, we can view this as Bronte telling the reader the true power of books, and how they have to ability to give us a sense of comfort . Moreover, the section where an ailing Catherine says, What in the name of all that feels, has he to do with books, when I am dying? we are shown how Edgar retreats to his books whenever times got tough, as well as the voice of Catherines ego. Books once belonged only at Thrushcross Grange. For the older Cathy and Heathcliff they were objects of repression because as children, they threw religious books into the fire in an act of rebellion. As for Edgar, reading was a way to escape from problems by shutting himself up with his books when Cathy fell into a fit. Suddenly books have become a means through which love can flow. Books take on an important role in the development of the relationship between Hareton and Catherine. In the latter stages of the novel, Heathcliff had destroyed Catherines books, which was why she could not respond back to Nelly. Hareton had all the other books in the house because he had been trying to read. However, Catherine mocked him for his clumsy attempts at self-education: Those books, both prose and verse, were consecrated to me by other associations, and I hate to hear them debased and profaned in his mouth! Poor Hareton fetched the books and threw them into her lap, saying he didnt want to think about them any longer. She persisted in her mockery, reading aloud in the drawling tone of a beginner, following which he slapped her and threw the books into the fire. .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .postImageUrl , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:hover , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:visited , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:active { border:0!important; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:active , .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141 .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u821b035c96820255533ed00b35f23141:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DreamWorks Animation EssayHaretons illiteracy is the most evident result of Heathcliffs treatment of him, intended to reduce him to a level of ignorance and uselessness. Hareton never rebels against Heathcliff, but his contact with Catherine, makes him extremely aware of this weakness. We can look at the true value of book-learning in the novel, and notice that Linton, who can read, is obviously inferior to his more energetic cousin Hareton. This might lead one to think that BrontÃÆ'Â « is supporting natural energy over imposed improvement. However, for Catherine and Hareton to become close it is absolutely necessary for Hareton to wish to educate himself, and in the last chapter their love is symbolized in the united reading of a book. Similarly, Heathcliffs youthful degradation really takes place when he ceases to follow Catherines lessons. It appears that book-learning is not enough to make a person good, but that the lack of it is enough to make someone ridiculous. It is, in short, an essential quality. Lockwood went to Wuthering Heights to see Heathcliff and tell him he didnt want to stay at the Grange any longer. He noticed that Hareton was as handsome a rustic as need be seen. He gave Catherine a note from Ellen; she thought it was from him at first and when he made it clear that it wasnt, Hareton snatched it away, saying that Heathcliff should look at it first he wasnt home yet. Catherine tried to hide her tears, but Hareton noticed and let the letter drop beside her seat.

Speed Of Time Essay Research Paper Virilio free essay sample

Speed Of Time Essay, Research Paper Virilio and Gleick use velocity as an analytic tool/concept to understand post-contemporary society. Both writers trace the development of velocity through engineering. However, Virilio sees the development of velocity through war and Gleick analyses velocity through the development of # 8220 ; clip # 8221 ; . Virilio? s technological military determinism in? Speed and Politicss? illustrates how we lost awkwardness through engineering and farther more how it was developed for the intents, and from the logic, of war. In? Faster? , James Gleick provides context for the complexness of post-industrial life and its transmutation by engineering. He tries to specify our relationship with? clip? to understand post-contemporary society. He places our civilization # 8217 ; s infatuation with velocity into a context ; historically, technically, and psychologically. Gleick dissects clip, demoing us how the ability to mensurate clip in of all time more exact ways has affected us and the universe in which we live in. We will write a custom essay sample on Speed Of Time Essay Research Paper Virilio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He claims: ? if we don? t understand clip, we become its victims? . Gleick and Virilio? s technological determinism illustrates that engineering, non humanity, is responsible for finding the way and development of human life. Virilio argues that the metropolis, political relations, civilization, human presence and values are disintegrating due to the speed/acceleration of life. ? We are riders of the empty circle who merely wish to get before they leave. Speed is a perfect will to impotence? . Virilio utilizations velocity as an analytic tool to speculate a post-contemporary society. He develops his post-structuralist review through the lens of his new methodological analysis, ? dromology? ; the scientific discipline, and survey of velocity. # 8220 ; Dromomatics # 8221 ; alters our perceptual experiences of velocity, examines the function of velocity in history and its of import maps in urban and societal life, warfare, the economic system, transit and communicating. ? In this unstable fiction velocity would all of a sudden go a fate, a force of advancement, in other words a # 8220 ; civilisation # 8221 ; in which each velocity would be something of a # 8220 ; faith # 8221 ; in clip? [ 141 ] . This # 8220 ; dromocratic revolution # 8221 ; involves agencies of manufacturing velocity with the steam engine, so the burning engine, and in our twenty-four hours atomic energy and instantaneous signifiers of warfare and communicating. Technology is used to construct the planetary war machine, ? the more velocity additions, the faster freedom lessenings? [ 142 ] . Harmonizing to Virilio the phenomenon of engineering came in big portion from the arsenal and war economic system. The writer? s construct of post-contemporary world is founded on the sociology of military engineering, which changes the modern-day perceptual experiences of infinite and clip. ? the transit capacity created by the mass production of automobilies [ ? ] can go a societal assault, a revolution sufficient and able to modify the citizen? s manner of life by transforming all the consumer? s demands, by wholly reconstructing a district? ? [ 26 ] . It is the disintegration of the societal. The conquering of the postmodern engineering of pure velocity as a war machine, one in which we are all processed: ? the mobilization of societies [ ? ] makes every citizen a war machine? [ 90 ] . Weapons of war are based on developing the velocity of onslaught. # 8220 ; Speed is the kernel of war # 8221 ; [ Sun Tzu ] . Military engineering, engineerings of representation, and new computing machine and information engineerings have constituted the post-contemporary. War intensified through engineering, which is accelerated by velocity. War is the centre of civilisation. ? The category battle is replaced by the battle of the technological organic structures of the ground forcess harmonizing to their dynamic efficiency? [ 48 ] . We are a civilization inclined towards extremism at a point where engineering appears to rush up as it approaches inactiveness. ? The treshold of velocity is continously shrinking, and the faster engine is beconig more and more hard to gestate of? [ 46 ] . Technologies of simultaneousness and coherency, maintain civilian society in a province of lasting mobilisation, driven by the competition for markets, resources and domains of influence. ? Revolution is motion, but motion is non revolution? [ 18 ] . Angstrom conflict for domination in the procedures of economic concentration, in which the foreparts, no longer pull up along national boundaries and between political systems, are defined by proficient criterions. A conflict in which the power of cognition is managed as a profitable monopoly of its distribution and airing. Bourgeois power is military even more than economic, but it relates most straight to the supernatural permanency of the province of besieging, to the visual aspect of bastioned towns. [ 11 ] Gleick traces the development of clip through engineering, ? merely in an age of velocity, can we halt clip? . He reveals how through technlogy clip has changed from the 2nd to the msec and eventually to nanosecond. ? During a nanosecond balls, chiropterans, slugs and droplets are motionless? [ 6 ] . The Directorate of Time, devised by the Defense Department, maintain s a Maestro Clock that sends its timely informations on the steady motions of # 8220 ; atomic beams in their vaults # 8221 ; to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris. # 8220 ; The consequence is. . . the exact clip # 8212 ; by definition, by world-wide consensus and decree. # 8221 ; All of modern life ticks to that metronome. ? Humanity is now a species with one ticker, and this is it? . Gleick argues that before atomic redstem storksbills, cell phones, nanosecond computing machine velocities and telephone redial buttons, our seasonableness ware less compulsiv, . We could # 8220 ; pass # 8221 ; clip productively or non. Time passed while we were occupied or idle. # 8220 ; In clip, # 8221 ; things came to go through and passed off. In # 8220 ; era of the nanosecond? we waste clip, we gain it and lose it, we kill it, we budget and form it, we move from # 8220 ; existent clip # 8221 ; to # 8220 ; practical # 8221 ; clip. And every 2nd, disconnected second, microsecond, we are obsessed with # 8220 ; salvaging # 8221 ; clip. Once we learned what clip it was, mensurable to the millionth of a nanosecond, we could handle clip as a measure, a trade good to be bought, sold and invested. Societies running at different velocities produce different civilizations. . As the velocity of devices accelerates, we are retrained to faster beat. Waiting 10 seconds for an lift feels unacceptably long. We take our intelligence in fast-food bites, and even music, the art made of clip, is acquiring shorter. Classical Stationss seldom play an full symphonic music any more. The 1,440-minute twenty-four hours is non expandible, the mean American spends about as much clip per twenty-four hours make fulling out paperwork for the federal authorities ( 4 proceedingss ) as holding sex ( 4.5 proceedingss ) . Gleick inquiries what is # 8220 ; more # 8221 ; clip ; is it fuller or freer? Is clip saved when we manage to go forth it empty, or when we stuff it with multiple activities, utile or pleasant? The deductions of time-saving is that we # 8217 ; re in a haste ; we # 8217 ; ve got short attending spans ; everything # 8217 ; s traveling faster. Telecommunication has made the transportation of information easy and quick. Therefore, the outlook for the sum of work to be completed is higher. This development of clip has changed our perceptual experience and experience of the universe. Through fragmenting clip we have become more fragmented ourselves. We have all become adept at treating 1000000s of spots of information at the same time, multitasking. We extinguish all intermissions and seek to compact everything into a individual minute ; telecasting and wireless interviews are routinely compressed somewhat, to take the annoyance intermissions and holds of human address. We have become speed loanblends, guzzling espresso and working 18 hr yearss, invariably plugged into the Net and nomadic phone. Our eyes have adapted to more cuts per second, and our multitasking accomplishments have neer been sharper. Rushing and multitasking is a cultural upset. New engineerings, like caffeine or pep pills, are # 8220 ; additives for our engines. # 8221 ; We want to travel faster, think faster, and make several things at one time. Laborsaving and convenience-oriented technological inventions created in the involvement of spread outing free clip have done the face-to-face. We are now # 8220 ; accessible # 8221 ; both in and outside the workplace, reacting to the demands of machines. However, if we pause we become impatient, we are bored. We are intoxicated by velocity. Gleick places passion as the antonym of ennui and so topographic points it into a historical context. Boredom is a comparatively modern phenomenon: # 8220 ; The word ennui hardly existed even a century ago # 8221 ; [ 270 ] . The writer relates the construct of ennui to our cultural attack to clip. We relax at velocity, everlastingly seeking to grate off a few seconds here and at that place so we can acquire something else done because there? s neer adequate clip. This cultural acceleration is bring forthing a coevals of attention-deficit-speed monsters, a new race of multitasking superhumans, capable of at the same time downloading files, channel surfboarding, and composing electronic mail. Virilio? s Speed and Politicss and Gleick? s Faster are essay on our civilization # 8217 ; s experience of clip and velocity. Both books imply that we are populating in an information-culture and engineering is our faith. Virilio analyses how engineerings have been developed for the war economic system and gives an history how those engineerings have crept into and militarised civilian lives. He illustrates the mutuality between velocity, engineering, and war. Gleick? s speculation on haste illustrates how those engineerings hold altered our perceptual experience of clip, which in bend has altered the person? s construct of ego. We are in a haste. We are doing hastiness. A compaction of clip characterizes the post-contemporary society. Stress, an epinephrine roseola, and passion, are symptom of the velocity illness, a consequence of the rapid March of technological advancement. We hurry up and delay, in physicians # 8217 ; offices, traffic jams, airdrome Gatess, on clasp with the tech line. An inflexible networked system needs merely one bug, a delayed flight, to starts an grim rippling consequence that can turn into a ruinous tidal moving ridge. Bibliography virilio, velocity nad political relations and gleicks faster

Branding Case Study Burberry

Branding Case Study Burberry Introduction Burberry store is more than 150 years old. It had gained success and became a luxurious brand in Britain. However, in the 1990s, the company experienced challenges related to consumer perceptions, retail stores, and brand image. As a result, sales declined and profit dropped.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Branding Case Study: Burberry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Elements of the Brand building factors used by Rose Mario Bravo since 1997 to rebuild Burberry brand In 1997, Burberry brought in a new CEO, Mario Bravo to run the company. Bravo took a company that had lost its position in the market and had an old brand image. However, the new CEO had the required experience to transform Burberry to profitability (Moore and Birtwistle, 2004). Bravo’s first approach was to introduce a young designer, Minechetti to change the clothes range at Burberry. Menichetti had to remodel Burberry’s ra incoats and other conventional clothes by giving them a new image and making them striking to a new generation of emerging consumers. In addition, the young designer also had to introduce new clothe items for children, blue jeans, bikinis, watches, personal products, shoes, and home wares. This approach aimed to re-establish Burberry among modern, young, and trendy consumers. As a result, Bravo managed to restore Burberry’s name in the market. This strategy also aimed at attracting new markets and increasing the company’s sales base. Bravo also appointed Christopher Bailey from Gucci. Bailey would reinforce the brand name by designing heritage and classic clothe lines and presenting young, hip, modern, and fashionable clothes at the same time. This retained Burberry’s vision of heritage and classic to reflect its many years in the industry. All these strategies worked to restore Burberry in the market. Bravo also focused on building the brand image in the market . As a result, she hired an advertising firm and a photographer, Mario Testino alongside models to shoot images that would change the old brand of Burberry. She would later work with other famous models who appeared in Burberry’s different commercial advertisements. Burberry operated in an increasingly competitive fashion industry. As a result, it needed a greater focus on the brand image improvement in order to attract new consumers. Bravo noted that a well-developed advertisement message could play a significant role in developing Burberry brand image across its distribution channels and at all levels.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The advertisement served to restore the company’s brand image by informing customers about the â€Å"functional abilities while simultaneously imbuing the brand with symbolic values and meanings relevant to the consum er† (Meenaghan, 1995). The two major focuses were to inform consumers about new clothes range of Burberry and transform their opinions about the company. All these elements led to consumer persuasion. Consumers analyse the brand advertisement message and associate it with certain aspects. For instance, Bravo brought in famous celebrities like David Beckhams and Jarvis Cooker in order to associate Burberry brand with celebrities in the minds of consumers. Hence, Burberry brand became functional and expressive among its potential consumers (Meenaghan, 1995). This led to building the brand perception among consumers. Consumers are responsible for creating a company’s brand perception because of how they perceive a brand eventually defines it. A company may have a positive brand promise, but this does not count since customers may perceive it in a different manner. Bravo worked with Kate Moss to create striking images for Burberry brand. This image had positive effect on co nsumers and it improved the company’s sales growth. The brand perception helped the company to understand how consumers perceived its clothes and specific items within different market segments. The company was able to understand elements, which influenced consumers when they were making purchase decisions, sources of their information, and consumers’ thoughts about Burberry. It is also imperative to note that Bravo recognised that creating a successful brand image and perception involved several elements, such as value to customers, visual images, brand relevance, and its ability to engage the target audience’s attention (Diller, Shedroff and Rhea, 2006). Clearly, Bravo invested in professional advertisement agency, skilled photographer, and well-known personalities in order to create a working brand image and perception for Burberry. Burberry became distinct and unique among competition in the industry. In order to build Burberry brand, the new CEO also had to work with the company’s distribution channels. Bravo closed all unprofitable shops and focused on developing retail stores in strategic locations. This was to create a market position, which would reflect the new Burberry. For instance, the company positioned the brand as prestigious and luxurious by working with retailers located in the high-end markets. Consumers would then associate the brand with luxurious, high-end prices. As a result, the company was able to increase its sales revenues from 20 percent to 25 percent and profitability. Bravo also managed to persuade other retail stores to stock various items for Burberry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Branding Case Study: Burberry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, distributors who were only selling raincoats also added high-end accessories. This branding strategy established Burberry as a potential gift store with affordable luxury items. Burberry stores distribution channels were spread across different locations. Hence, consumers could buy products at various points. Finally, Bravo decided to establish Burberry as an international brand by selecting strategic locations in New York, London, Spain, the UK, and Japan to expand the business. The aim was to increase Burberry’s growth by venturing into critical international markets and establish the brand identity. Burberry had potential markets and good reputation in these regions for many years. Bravo understood the perception of consumers about Burberry and that it could deliver its products to the market and meet rising demands. It is imperative to recognise that several factors influence a company’s brand development. These may include the logo, advertisement, and media among others. In addition, brand managers must note that it takes time and financial resources to create a reputable global brand. As a result, consumers can immediate recognise the b rand, identify its promise and product benefits. Challenges that Burberry could face as it builds a global brand Burberry experienced rapid growth and it had to adopt a new business model for the international market. The company would then strive to expand its operations globally because of the apparent success in the domestic market. On this regard, it must ensure that the business would still realise its primary goals in the overseas markets. It will have to maintain quality standards and delivery products as required by local consumers. Moreover, Burberry must meet cultural expectations of different people globally. One major challenge could be product delivery. Burberry will have to ship its products to the new markets. However, different countries have different laws regarding imports or even manufacturing products locally. This could present a potential challenge for Burberry in its international expansion strategy. On this note, it is imperative for the company to ensure tha t it would satisfy and meet the local demands through product reliability and consistency in delivery. In addition, Burberry will also have to understand local laws for business operations and employment regulations. All its products must meet quality requirements in different countries in terms of components, labels, and even packaging. Packaging laws differ from one country to another. Burberry will have to understand packaging regulations in its potential target markets. This must happen before venturing into the new markets to avoid business setbacks. For instance, some countries have banned the use of plastic packaging, or they impose heavy taxes on users and manufacturers of such materials.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would increase costs of running business in such countries. Customers’ requirements with regard to packaging also differ. Burberry may also use more than a single language on its packaging materials and include all product details to all consumers globally. Therefore, it is important to understand local laws on packaging and consumer preferences before shipping products in order to avoid unnecessary costs in running business operations. Burberry could also experience challenges related to building awareness of the brand in the new markets and enhance sales and profitability. It would not be possible for the company to succeed in new markets if it follows the same techniques applied at home to reach new customers and communicate. The company will have to develop relevant messages to specific market segment in specific geographies, which highlight their needs and wants and the brand promise. Moreover, the channel of communication will also differ significantly, more so in emerging markets. The company must identify receptive channels for different target markets in order to allow potential consumers to understand and relate messages to their needs. Burberry must develop the message carefully in order to account for diversity in the global market. It must engage in thorough research and possibly enlist the help of a local firm to assist in branding in the new target market. It must evaluate what other firms and competitors do in the market to reach customers. Humorous or charming message in a different geographical location could be misinterpreted and misunderstood in another location. Burberry must also evaluate how consumers perceive old companies in its target new markets. Burberry has been operating in developed nations since its inception. The company will have to understand the target markets, consumer habits, lifestyles, and find the right answer by conducting thorough research. The company will have to consider the right manner of communicatio n, which is culturally acceptable. This should account for tone and choice of words. Consumers can identify such elements in packaging, advertisement, and even through to employees. In addition, it will have to adopt a favourable sales policy in new markets. Ultimately, the company must project its brand at all levels in the international markets. It is not simple for a multinational corporation to maintain its reputation across different markets globally. The company may be focused on developing an international brand and ignore other critical aspects of brand reputation. For instance, Burberry had spent a huge portion of its revenues on protecting its brand from counterfeit and association with hooliganism and violence. In the Far East, the company could run into similar challenges, particularly with counterfeit and cheap imitations. Hence, the company must protect itself by educating consumers and communicating the right message to them. Protecting the brand reputation in every m arket is critical for a global firm. The challenge becomes worse as the company grows into several subsidiaries with many employees globally. A brand acts like a promise that Burberry delivers to its potential customers. The company must ensure that customers have positive experience in all its stores with products and employees. This aspect also covers product delivery, product quality, and services rendered to consumers. The CEO must understand how to lead the organisation as it grows rapidly. It is imperative to protect the company from any possible bad experiences with customers. As a result, a company needs to keep constant vigilance in most critical departments at all levels. It is also important to have an employee manual with the code of conducts and ethics. Moreover, the company will have to invest in employee training and engage in constant checks regarding growth and market activities in order to deliver the brand promise. There would also be cultural differences for Burb erry in new geographical locations. The company will face several obstacles, including languages and customers’ habits. Hence, it is important to work with local firms to help in building the international brand and gain a share of a foreign market. In extremely difficult cases, Burberry may consider working with local distributors or forming strategic partnership with local firms. Cultural or geographical differences may also influence customers’ needs. Burberry price and competition will also have to consider both price and competition. The company has been operating only in developed economies. However, it will venture into emerging markets where consumers may perceive luxury items as too expensive and out of their reach. This implies that Burberry may review its prices downwards in order to cater for the middle class and few high-end markets. In addition, it will also face fierce competition from established brands in such markets, especially local brands. â€Å"O pening more stores and adding new product lines can potentially dilute the Burberry brand†. A critical examination of this statement and recommendations for Burberry’s future operations Brands have significant roles to play in global expansion strategies. Hence, firms must use a coherent international branding strategy in order to introduce new brands and open more stores. Burberry should show concern about adding more stores and new product lines. Available studies on negative impacts of additional stores and brand extension or new product lines on the brand are few and their results are not consistent. Previous studies did not establish any significant impacts of dilution on the brand name through introducing new products, including unsuccessful ones (Romeo, 1991). On the other hand, some studies show that dilution may take place when new product lines or stores are inconsistence with brand and brand belief (Singh, Scriven, Clemente, Lomax and Wright, 2012). Hence, a brand failure may result from â€Å"difficulties to relate with the parent brand, a lack of product and brand familiarity and similarity, as well as poor integrated marketing communication messages† (Singh et al., 2012). A study on Johnson also showed that launching â€Å"a new product in same parent brand category have high chance of success while in different category is risk† (Ahmad, Mujeeb and Rajput, 2011). Generally, some failures in new product lines can dilute brand equity, especially if the brand is integrated. In this case, dilution affects the new product and the original brand or parent brand. Any failure in stores or new products make consumers to develop pessimistic opinions about the brand or develop a different perception, associate the failure with the main brand, other products, and eventually lose sense of the brand and its uniqueness. A failure in new products can affect either the general brand image or the product brand image. However, a strong br and like Burberry would not suffer much from a failed product, specifically on its general brand image. Overall, the dilution would greatly affect the product brand image. Consumers may hold their perceptions about the general brand image and attitudes towards the company. Nevertheless, a new product has ability to dilute the brand image and transform consumers’ beliefs and perception. Any successful new product can attract massive revenues for Burberry. On this note, brand managers should spend their resources to understand the product before launching, understand the market and maximise the product message, and enhance awareness. Technically, any flagship product will record the highest sales, revenues, and awareness. Today, consumers are critical and use social media to attack products, which do not meet their needs. Not all strong brands suffer from dilution because of a failure in a new product. A dilute impact could affect other products instantly and eventually affect the whole company. However, the impact may not be severe for a parent brand. The outcome of dilution could be temporary and consumers’ perceptions may not diminish at all. Burberry should establish strong brand equity in the parent company through aggressive marketing campaigns and brand management. The company should focus on establishing long-term brand equity across the world and evaluate all its business strategies and their potential impacts. Usually, any failure, even if it appears to be insignificant, could result in a great brand failure. Hence, the company should evaluate how consumers react to its new stores and new product lines. It is imperative for Burberry to understand how consumers perceive new products. Consumers collect information, categorise, and associate them with either success or failure of a product. In fact, they would evaluate major differences between the main brand and new product lines from their experiences, other competing brands, and facts abo ut the company and its brand. The company should develop effective brand message for its new products and target markets. It must ensure that messages and communication are clear in order to develop a strong brand image. A negative result from a new product or a store can potentially harm Burberry brand. On this note, brand managers and marketers should ensure that they develop consistent brand messages throughout the product life process. In some cases, negative outcomes from new product lines could be extensive and permanent, particularly in cases where the product message diluted the brand at all levels. While few studies exist about stores or new product lines and their effects on the company’s brand, clearly any poor approach to branding and brand management could lead to a brand failure (Martinez and de Chernatony, 2004). Burberry must also note that new product lines or stores may fail to generate increased revenues or develop brand equity as expected. Hence, it is a r isky strategy for developing a brand or increasing sales because of the unexpected outcomes. Thus, brand managers must evaluate potential impacts of more stores or new product lines before launching them to consumers. Reference List Ahmad, M, Mujeeb, E and Rajput, A 2011, Does Brand Extension Impact Parent Brand: A Case Of Johnson, UK, mnmk.ro/documents/2011/5_Pakistan2%20FFF.pdf Diller S, Shedroff, N and Rhea D 2006, Making Meaning: How Successful Businesses Deliver Meaningful Customer Experiences, New Riders, Berkeley, CA. Martinez, E and de Chernatony, L 2004, ‘The effect of brand extension strategies upon brand image’, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 39-50. Meenaghan, T 1995, ‘The role of advertising in brand image development’, Journal of Product Brand Management, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 23 34. DOI 10.1108/10610429510097672. Moore, C and Birtwistle, G 2004, ‘The Burberry business model: creating an international luxury fashion bra nd’, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 412 422. DOI 10.1108/09590550410546232. Romeo, J 1991, ‘The effect of negative information on the evaluation of brand extensions and the family brand’, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 18, pp. 399-406. Singh, J, Scriven, J , Clemente, M, Lomax, W and Wright, M 2012, ‘New Brand Extensions: Patterns of Success and Failure’, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 234-242.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) - The History of Domestication

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) - The History of Domestication Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) was one of the first and earliest crops domesticated by humans. Currently, archaeological and genetic evidence indicates barley is a mosaic crop, developed from several populations in at least five regions: Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Levant, the Syrian desert and, 1,500-3,000 kilometers (900-1,800 miles) to the east, in the vast Tibetan Plateau. The first was long though to be that of southwest Asia during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A about 10,500 calendar years ago: but the mosaic status of barley has thrown a wrench into our understanding of this process. In the Fertile Crescent, barley is considered one of the classic eight founder crops. A Single Wild Progenitor Species The wild progenitor of all of the barleys is thought to be Hordeum spontaneum (L.), a winter-germinating species which is native to a very wide region of Eurasia, from the Tigris and Euphrates river system in Iraq to the western reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Based on evidence from Upper Paleolithic sites such as Ohalo II in Israel, wild barley was harvested for at least 10,000 years before it was domesticated. Today, barley is the fourth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice and maize. Barley as a whole is well-adapted to marginal and stress-prone environments, and a more reliable plant than wheat or rice in regions which are colder or higher in altitude. The Hulled and the Naked Wild barley has several characteristics useful to a wild plant that arent so useful to humans. There is a brittle rachis (the part that holds the seed to the plant) that breaks when the seeds are ripe, scattering them to the winds; and the seeds are arranged on the spike in a sparsely seeded two rows. The wild barley always has a tough hull protecting its seed; the hull-less form (called naked barley) is only found on domestic varieties. The domestic form has a non-brittle rachis and more seeds, arranged in  a six-rowed spike. Both hulled and naked seed forms are found in domesticated barley: during the Neolithic period, both forms were grown, but in the Near East, naked barley cultivation declined beginning in the Chalcolithic/Bronze Ages about 5000 years ago. Naked barleys, while easier to harvest and process, are more susceptible to insect attack and parasitic disease. Hulled barleys have higher yields; so within the Near East anyway, keeping the hull was a selected-for trait. Today hulled barleys dominate in the west, and naked barleys in the east. Because of the ease of processing, the naked form is used primarily as a whole-grain human food source. The hulled variety is used mainly for animal feed and the production of malt for brewing. In Europe, the production of barley beer dates at least as long ago as 600 B.C. Barley and DNA A recent (Jones and colleagues 2012) phylogeographic analysis of barley in the northern fringes of Europe and in the Alpine region found that cold adaptive gene mutations were identifiable in modern barley landraces. The adaptations included one type that was non-responsive to day length (that is, the flowering was not delayed until the plant got a certain number of hours of sunlight during the day): and that form is found in northeast Europe and high altitude locations. Alternatively, landraces in the Mediterranean region were predominantly responsive to day length. In central Europe, however, day length is not a trait which (apparently) had been selected for. Jones and colleagues were unwilling to rule out the actions of possible bottlenecks, but suggested that temporary climate changes might have affected the selection of traits for various regions, delaying the spread of barley or speeding it, depending on the adaptability of the crop to the region. How Many Domestication Events!? Evidence exists for at least five different loci of domestication: at least three locations in the Fertile Crescent, one in the Syrian desert and one in the Tibetan Plateau. Jones et al. 2013 report additional evidence that in the region of the Fertile Crescent, there may have been up to four different domestication events of Asian wild barley. The differences within groups A-D are based on the presence of alleles which are differently adapted to day length; and the adaptive ability of barley to grow in a wide variety of locations. It could be that the combination of barley types from different regions created increased drought resistance and other beneficial attributes. The DNA analysis reported in 2015 (Poets et al.) identified a genome segment from the Syrian desert variety in Asian and Fertile Crescent barleys; and a segment in northern Mesopotamia in Western and Asian barleys. We do not know, says Allaby in an accompanying essay, how our ancestors produced such genetically diverse crops: but the study should kick off an interesting period towards a better understanding domestication processes in general. Evidence for barley beer making as early as Yangshao Neolithic (ca 5000 years ago) in China was reported in 2016; it seems most likely to have been from the Tibetan Plateau, but that has yet to be determined.   Sites Greece: Dikili TashIsrael: Ohalo IIIran: Ali Kosh, Chogha GolanIraq: JarmoJordan: Ain GhazalCyprus: Klimonas, Kissonerga-MylouthkiaPakistan: MehrgarhPalestine: JerichoSwitzerland: Arbon Bleiche 3Syria: Abu HureyraTurkey: Çatalhà ¶yà ¼kTurkmenistan: Jeitun Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Plant Domestication, and the Dictionary of Archaeology.Allaby RG. 2015. Barley domestication: the end of a central dogma? Genome Biology 16(1):176.Badr A, Muller K, Schafer-Pregl R, El Rabey H, Effgen S, Ibrahim HH, Pozzi C, Rohde W, and Salamini F. 2000. On the origin and domestication history of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). Molecular Biology and Evolution 17(4):499-510.Dai F, Chen Z-H, Wang X, Li Z, Jin G, Wu D, Cai S, Wang N, Wu F, Nevo E et al. 2014. Transcriptome profiling reveals mosaic genomic origins of modern cultivated barley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(37):13403-13408.Jones G, Charles MP, Jones MK, Colledge S, Leigh FJ, Lister DA, Smith LMJ, Powell W, Brown TA, and Jones HL. 2013. DNA evidence for multiple introductions of barley into Europe following dispersed domestications in Western Asia. Antiquity 87(337):701-713.Jones G, Jones H, Charles MP, Jones MK, Colledge S, Leigh FJ, Lister DA, Smith LMJ , Powell W, and Brown TA. 2012. Phylogeographic analysis of barley DNA as evidence for the spread of Neolithic agriculture through Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(10):3230-3238. Komatsuda T, Pourkheirandish M, He C, Azhaguvel P, Kanamori H, Perovic D, Stein N, Graner A, Wicker T, Tagiri A et al. 2007. Six-rowed barley originated from a mutation in a homeodomain-leucine zipper I-class homeobox gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(4):1424-1429. doi:10.1073/pnas.0608580104Lister DL, and Jones MK. 2013. Is naked barley an eastern or a western crop? The combined evidence of archaeobotany and genetics. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):439-446. doi: 10.1007/s00334-012-0376-9Morrell PL, and Clegg MT. 2007. Genetic evidence for a second domestication of barley (Hordeum vulgare) east of the Fertile Crescent. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:3289-3294.Poets AM, Fang Z, Clegg MT, and Morrell PL. 2015. Barley landraces are characterized by geographically heterogeneous genomic origins. Genome Biology 16(1):1-11.Riehl S, Zeidi M, and Conard NJ. 2013. Emergence of agriculture in the foothills of the Zagros mountains of Iran. Science 341:65-67. Riehl S, Pustovoytov K, Weippert H, Klett S, and Hole F. 2014. Drought stress variability in ancient Near Eastern agricultural systems evidenced by delta13C in barley grain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(34):12348-12353.Wang J, Liu L, Ball T, Yu L, Li Y, and Xing F. 2016. Revealing a 4,000-y-old beer recipe in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.Zhao Z. 2011. New Archaeobotanic Data for the Study of the Origins of Agriculture in China. Current Anthropology 52(S4):S295-S306.

Should the alcohol drinking age be increased or decreased Essay

Should the alcohol drinking age be increased or decreased - Essay Example In the modern world it is quite observant that teenagers consume more alcohol compared to an adult. There are strict laws in place regarding consumption of alcohol before attaining a minimum age still most of the college students have made consumption of alcohol a new trend in the society. Many people argue in favor of consumption of alcohol after attaining a certain age but the dangerous effects of alcohol consumption is significant. Alcohol consumption is highly dangerous for teenagers as well as adults because consumption of alcohol increases the flow of blood from the heart to other parts of the body (Johnston 5). Due to increase in blood circulation the pulse rate goes high and people become more exited compared to normal state. The high circulation in blood also results in extraction of other body hormones resulting in abnormal secretion of hormone. Excessive drinking results in high blood pressure and it can be dangerous for a person’s health if blood pressure always remains at a high state. High blood pressure can cause several neurological diseases. Due to high flow of blood in the brain and other parts of body the brain starts behaving abnormally. This abnormality reflects in a person’s behavioral characteristics. If a person consumes more alcohol he/she starts losing out control of anger. Adults who consume alcohol on a regular basis should remember that alcohol can cause serious health p roblems if consumed at a large scale. Teenagers attaining age 16 or above mostly have a tendency to consume alcohol with friends in unsafe places. Alcohol has many disastrous effects starting from stomach infection to kidney and liver failure. Alcohol is available in different compositions in market today. They are some medicinal effects of alcohol especially in case of heart problems. Since alcohol has a tendency to increase the flow of blood hence it can be used for proper blood circulations at times. However doctors strictly mention that

International Business in Emerging Markets Term Paper

International Business in Emerging Markets - Term Paper Example In this age of free trade and globalization, international business has evolved to occupy a very significant position in world economics. Transnational is a contemporary term synonymous to multi-national companies. Broadly speaking these transnational companies run their business in different countries of the world and plays a major role in controlling the economic assets of those countries by owning equity capital stake. Transnational companies are characterized by their enormous financial resources, vast technical resources, and extensive global reach. They evolved in the late 19th century as a consequence of changing environmental forces and rising demand for global efficiency, national responsiveness, and worldwide learning.To get a clear picture, the organizational characteristics can be divided into three broad heads viz., the configuration of assets and capabilities, role of overseas operations and development and diffusion of knowledge. TNCs or MNCs have their operations dece ntralized and are nationally self-sufficient. The top executives of these companies keep a keen eye on the various economies of the world and take timely initiatives to exploit opportunities. Knowledge is developed and retained within each unit but technology is brought from the center. Though international companies can better leverage the knowledge and capabilities of the parent company, cost-intensive resource configuration and operating systems make it less viable in the totality. Transnational companies work on a broader perspective of business and over time has redefined the way the world conducts business. It strives to achieve global competitiveness and international flexibility in business.Transnational companies recognize workforce efficiency and innovation as two very important parameters for achieving global competitiveness. As such while certain resources are best centralized within the parent company operation, some others are decentralized. Centralization is not neces sarily at home. Products that are primarily labor intensive might have their production plants built in low wage countries like Singapore and Mexico. Such flexible arrangements complement the benefits of economies of scale; helps lower the cost of inputs and also provide ready access to scarce resources. Decentralization, on a local-for-local basis, also helps reap potential economies of scale and protect against exchange rate shift.

Review of Parrot in the Oven Essay Example for Free

Review of Parrot in the Oven Essay Parrot in the Oven: Mi Vida is a coming of age novel written in 1996, by Victor Martinez. The story is set in California and is told from the point-of-view of a fourteen year old, Mexican American boy. Manuel Hernandez, like many young men, struggles with identity. Manny’s life is hard. He has two older siblings and a baby sister. His mother does not work. His father is unemployed and an alcoholic. The main provider and only person in his house that can keep a steady job is his older sister. His older brother cannot hold a job long. As would be expected, Manny’s family lives in the projects. Project life brings its own problems. The Garcia boys live in Manny’s neighborhood. They constantly terrorize and beat him. Manny does not fight back. He realizes that he is outnumbered and too afraid to do anything. This could be one of the reasons Manny joins a boxing club in school, and later joins a gang. Family life is not much better for Manny. Throughout the story Manny deals with an alcoholic father and a borderline obsessive compulsive mother that have both become bitter and resentful. Manny’s brother is rarely home, but when he is he is often drunk. His older sister is resentful that she must carry the family. At one point in the story she gets pregnant and soon loses the baby. Chapter nine shines light on a key aspect of Manny’s character. As the title implies, Manny is naive. He lives in a predominantly Latino community where racial discrimination is non-existent. In this section of the book, Manny’s boss urges his daughter to invite Manny to her birthday party. She reluctantly agrees. Manny tells his brother, Nardo, about the party. Nardo and their sister try to explain to Manny that white people do not usually interact with Mexicans socially; he is most likely being used. Manny does not listen. He is in lust. Needless to say, the party ends badly. A terrible home life, hormones and identity issues lead Manny to gangs. He takes the beating, as a form of initiation, so that he can kiss a girl. He is not entirely sold on the gang culture but feels that he should hang out with the members. On his first run with Eddie, a gang member, he witnesses Eddie assault a woman and steal her purse. At that moment he recognizes that Eddie is the guy that knocked up his sister. Frozen in place, Manny realizes that gang-life is not for him. He goes home and watches his sisters sleep, knowing that although life at home is rough there is nowhere else he would rather be. Parrot in the Oven: Mi Vida exposes many aspects familiar to first- and second-generation Mexican American families. Many young minorities might be able to relate to Manny’s struggles. Even though the book deals with ugly issues like abuse, alcoholism, racism, teen pregnancy and gangs, the book also provides a space for discussion around identity, self-esteem and pride. I would definitely recommend this book to students.

Breaking of Taboo Essay -- Literacy Analysis

The Breaking of Taboo Adrienne Rich was a very critically acclaimed and widely read poet of her era. Ms. Rich was a rebellious pioneer in expressing her viewpoint through her poetry in what was considered highly taboo topics of her time, such as, politics, lesbianism, and feminism. Adrienne Rich was born on May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland .Her father was renowned pathologist at John Hopkins University, Dr. Arnold Rich, and her mother Helen Elizabeth Rich, was a concert pianist and composer. Adrienne began writing at a very early age, with the encouragement of her father. As a child she grew up reading works from her fathers extensive library from Tennyson, Keats, Arnold. Blake. Rossetti. Swinburne, Carlyle, and Patter (Booth). Adrienne attended college at A. B. Radcliffe College, and graduated in 1951. In her final year at Radcliffe, her collection, A Change of World, was selected by, W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets award. In 1953 Adrienne married Alfred Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard, whom she had meet while she was an undergraduate student at Harvard. During their marriage they had three children, David, Paul, and Jacob. In the mid- 60’s Adrienne became very involved in Vietnam anti war protests, feminist, and civil right issues. As time went on Alfred thought she was losing her mind because of the obsession and devotion she had to these causes. This created quite a bit of tension in their marriage. In 1970 she separated from Alfred, which lead to his suicide a few months later. Rich’s early works were very traditional and structured. Her style mirrored the poets who she read extensively as a child. As Rich progressed in her writings, her styled changed drastically. Rich took on a dialogue... ... J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 876. Print. Brown, Maressa. "6 Powerful Adrienne Rich Quotes Every Woman Should Read." The Stir, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Meredith, May. "Adrienne Rich: 1929-2012 / Feminist poet turned personal into political." San Francisco Chronicle (10/1/2007 to present) 29 Mar. 2012: A1. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne, comp. Twenty-One Love Poems. 2nd. Emeryville, Ca.: Effie's Press, 1977. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne. Collected Early Poems 1950-1970. 1st. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. 419. Print. Rich, Adrienne. Dark Fields of the Republic 1991-1995. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995 3. Print. Schuduel, Matt. "Adrienne Rich, feminist poet who wrote of politics and lesbian identity, dies at 82." 28 Mar. 2012, n. p. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Breaking of Taboo Essay -- Literacy Analysis The Breaking of Taboo Adrienne Rich was a very critically acclaimed and widely read poet of her era. Ms. Rich was a rebellious pioneer in expressing her viewpoint through her poetry in what was considered highly taboo topics of her time, such as, politics, lesbianism, and feminism. Adrienne Rich was born on May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland .Her father was renowned pathologist at John Hopkins University, Dr. Arnold Rich, and her mother Helen Elizabeth Rich, was a concert pianist and composer. Adrienne began writing at a very early age, with the encouragement of her father. As a child she grew up reading works from her fathers extensive library from Tennyson, Keats, Arnold. Blake. Rossetti. Swinburne, Carlyle, and Patter (Booth). Adrienne attended college at A. B. Radcliffe College, and graduated in 1951. In her final year at Radcliffe, her collection, A Change of World, was selected by, W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets award. In 1953 Adrienne married Alfred Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard, whom she had meet while she was an undergraduate student at Harvard. During their marriage they had three children, David, Paul, and Jacob. In the mid- 60’s Adrienne became very involved in Vietnam anti war protests, feminist, and civil right issues. As time went on Alfred thought she was losing her mind because of the obsession and devotion she had to these causes. This created quite a bit of tension in their marriage. In 1970 she separated from Alfred, which lead to his suicide a few months later. Rich’s early works were very traditional and structured. Her style mirrored the poets who she read extensively as a child. As Rich progressed in her writings, her styled changed drastically. Rich took on a dialogue... ... J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010. 876. Print. Brown, Maressa. "6 Powerful Adrienne Rich Quotes Every Woman Should Read." The Stir, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Meredith, May. "Adrienne Rich: 1929-2012 / Feminist poet turned personal into political." San Francisco Chronicle (10/1/2007 to present) 29 Mar. 2012: A1. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne, comp. Twenty-One Love Poems. 2nd. Emeryville, Ca.: Effie's Press, 1977. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne. Collected Early Poems 1950-1970. 1st. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. 419. Print. Rich, Adrienne. Dark Fields of the Republic 1991-1995. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995 3. Print. Schuduel, Matt. "Adrienne Rich, feminist poet who wrote of politics and lesbian identity, dies at 82." 28 Mar. 2012, n. p. Web. 15 Apr. 2012.

Balance Sheet

The AMR Corporation has the highest debt to equity ratio (Google, 2010). The company with the lower debt to equity ratio in the meantime is Southwest Airlines. AMR Corporation might have chosen to have a high debt to equity ratio because it believes that it can manage to experience rapid growth and sales in their business. They took on such a huge amount of debt because they believed that the interest rate would prove to be manageable and reasonable given the level of sales they will experience. AMR Corporation is very optimistic with its outlook in short.The amount of debt the company has taken is very dangerous. It is imperative that they pay it off immediately to lower the chances of getting bankrupted in case they can’t manage the monthly payments. The opposite can be said of Southwest airlines. The company is expecting lower sales volume or profit margin that is why they keep their debt levels to a minimum (Welsh, 1996). The company is well known for its cheap and no fril ls flight that is why they know they will have a lower profit margin. The company is trying to protect itself from any potential danger.In the event their sales level would drop even more, the increased obligation to pay their debts would not be as heavy. This strategy is suitable for Southwest Airlines because they are providing economical flights for their passenger. The company relies on volume to make their sales and not on a high profit margin. The company does not want their thin profit margin to be eaten up by huge debt interest rates (Harvey, 1995). We can infer from the financial ratio that they intend to grow organically and not by outside financing. The debt level they have is perceived to be very manageable.They are merely taking advantage of debt to provide a measure of added income generating assets. The bulk of their growth and capital needs would all be derived from their sales. The Continental Airlines is somewhat in between the two extreme types of companies. They are aggressive enough to take considerable debt but not too optimistic as to reach 4. 25 in their long term debt obligation to equity. Their long term debt to equity ratio is merely 1. 8 which seems small enough compared to AMR corporation. It can be inferred that the continental corporation has a moderate outlook compared to the two others.Continental is optimistic enough to take advantage of loans to increase their coverage and business operations (Gold, 2006). They are not overly optimistic however to borrow more than twice the amount of their own equity. The economic situation has to be favorable for them to be able to pay their debts. They are not in a dangerous position however, like AMR Corporation with extreme amounts of debts. The AMR Corporation in contrast has to experience several years of extremely profitable operations in order to pay off their debt obligations.The debt ratios of the three companies are basically indicating the same thing. The only difference with the debt ratio from debt to equity ratio is the base figure used in the denominator. The debt to equity ratio is more accurate in describing the situation of the company because it uses the actual equity invested by investors (Revsine, 2004). The ratio does not take into account the liabilities as part of the assets to be used for the computation. Naturally, the ratio for debt to equity will be bigger than the ratio using just the plain asset figure. The interpretation of the ratios remains fundamentally the same.The meaning of the ratio is still the capability of the company to pay off its debts relative to its assets. In case of bankruptcy, the ratio indicates whether the company is capable of paying off the debt amount by selling all of its assets. References: Google, (2010), â€Å"Southwest Airlines† http://www. google. com/finance? q=southwest+airlines Google, (2010), â€Å"AMR Airlines† http://www. google. com/finance? q=NYSE:AMR Google, (2010), â€Å"Continental Ai rlines† http://www. google. com/finance? q=NYSE:CAL&fstype=ii Damodaran, A. , (2005), Finding the Right Financing Mix: The Capital Structure Decision, http://pages.stern. nyu. edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/cfovhds/capstr. pdf Welsh, I. , (1996), A Primer on Capital Structure, The John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles Gold, J. , (2006), Reducing a Company's Beta- A Novel Way to Increase Shareholders Value, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, , Vol. 18, No. 4 (Fall) Harvey, C. , (1995), The Capital Structure and Payout Policy, WWWFinance, http://www. duke. edu/~charvey/Classes/ba350/capstruc/capstruc. htm Revsine, (2004), â€Å"Financial Analysis and Reporting†, New York, Pearson Hall

Peer Pressure, A Silent Destroyer

When people make an assessment of a teaching institution, the usual statistics will show its population size, its average success rate relative to the next high school or next university, and matters relate d to funding and facility. It is due to this that a main problem which I believe has an actual direct effect on the teaching & learning capability institution is missed out on. This problem would mean great impact on the learning curve and capacity of the student to focus and maximize the facilities given by the institution no matter how good they may be.In common terms, we call it peer pressure. I believe in fact that it is because this is so common an experience that people may downplay its actual effect on a student or turn a blind eye to what it can do. In my own experience through earlier years I stood witness to this. It could be something as simple as people being pushed around in the hallway because their growth spurt was late and they were shorter than everyone else. Or, people being teased because their pants were too short or their clothes didn’t match.These issues seem childish and light, however considering the emotional makeup of a growing child or adolescent at this point, these can birth insecurities that scar one’s capacity to bloom later on. Are these incidents common? Absolutely. In fact, it is because they are common that they are missed out on. Schools will focus on building a new gym, or increasing the number of books to be read, or fine tuning the arithmetic and language curriculum. Now, don’t get me wrong. These things are very important in the quality of the individual. However, the school’s output is only one side of the coin.The other side lies in a student’s capability to absorb and focus on the lesson at hand. How can a young individual give his or her best output into utilizing these tools, if he knows that once he steps of the classroom, the bullies will be pushing him against the locker, or t he popular girls just might make fun of her again? Call it a seeming minor detail, but to a student in the growing year, â€Å"fitting in† and â€Å"belonging† can mean everything and certainly much more than a high grade. In my own school environment, my experience was the same. Friends of mine were subject to the similar treatment.It was hard to look at, but then, the feeling at the time was that there was nothing anyone could do about it. I can only imagine how much better they would have done in school if they didn’t have to worry about these things. I’ve seen these things happen in my own world with my own eyes. I’m sure others have as well. In the newspaper or nighttime updates, every now and then we hear stories about a new student killed by fraternity hazing, or a student with a gun in school. The common reaction would be to turn away and say, â€Å"oh that wouldn’t happen in my school.† Or â€Å"gosh, it so dangerous, but go od thing it’s not in the area of my kids†. Really, would that be the same mindset of the parents and students who actually were part of the school community where the event occurred? Looking at online forums on peer pressure, various responses of how the youth today is affected are expressed, particularly the girls. Heavy alcohol drinking, smoking, taking drugs and underage sexual activity are now very widespread in the youth whether or not we agree to believe it, simply because of this desire to be accepted.Conversations among them lie more on what the next person has done or not done, rather than on planning for the future. Many of them will be at parties getting drunk where it is played off as cool. Smoking and drug use are rampant as well. Even the pressure of having sex has grown over years, despite the media’s exposed risk of unwanted pregnancies or STD’s. Friends say it is â€Å"no big deal† and talk about it as if it was just sipping a cup o f tea, and a requirement to be â€Å"normal†. So many of these issues circle the mind of a student, remain unaddressed, and cloud the student’s mind from focusing on what should be the priority at the time.It is true that school facilities are important, however equally needed, is helping the students of today actually focus on using the school to create more of a future for themselves. The question remains though on how this problem can be addressed. True, it will not be an easy task, but if at all an attempt can be made to give students guidance and support during these hears of change, then at least some of them can be given the motivation to go against the grain and not succumb to the whims of peer pressure.Friends are diaries to which we can share and unburden all of our secrets and emotions into. They can be wise and a strong pillar of strength, while at the same time can be sources of wrong influence. If a school can create a positive working environment and enc ourage right experiences and friendships, this would be a tool to help. Family is another factor. For some who have good relationships with family, allowing interaction with them can provide the child to open up and reach out.For those whose families become unbearable, then it basically remains in letting the student have someone to talk to, chat with and trust, and ensuring such person is one who is understanding and capable of meeting the child at his level, whether it be a counselor, coach or friend. The problem does not lie on morals or lessons as these which are instilled in us in earlier youth remain there. The problem is that these very principles that we have prided ourselves in and held on to no longer empower us, as they are overshadowed by the need to ‘fit in’.And as this need grows, then our mind is pushed away from focusing on what matter at the time, namely, studies and improvement of one’s skills for the future. I am thankful that somehow I made it through those years and continually make the effort to grow. My only hope is that children of the future can be given more support, that they may surpass these obstacles with more grace than many of my friends did, and focus earlier on working on their goals and dreams for their future.

Biography of Francis R. (Dick) Scobee

Biography of Francis R. (Dick) Scobee Since the Space Age began, astronauts have risked their lives to further the exploration of space. Among these heroes is the late astronaut Francis Richard Dick Scobee, killed when the space shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986. born on May 19, 1939. He grew up fascinated by airplanes, so after graduating from Auburn High School (Auburn, WA) in 1957, he joined the Air Force. He also attended night school and acquired two years of college credit. This led to his selection for the Airmans Education and Commissioning Program. He received his bachelor of science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Arizona in 1965. Continuing his Air Force career, Scobee received his wings in 1966 and went on to several assignments, including a combat tour in Vietnam, where he received the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal. Flying Higher He next attended the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Scobee logged more than 6,000 hours in 45 types of aircraft, including the Boeing 747, the X-24B, the transonic aircraft technology (TACT) F-111 and the C-5. Dick was quoted  as saying, When you find something you really like to do, and youre willing to risk the consequences of that, you really probably out to go do it. So, when he had the opportunity to apply for a position with NASAs astronaut corps, he jumped at it. He was selected in January 1978, and completed his training and evaluation period in August, 1979. Besides his duties as an astronaut, Mr. Scobee was an Instructor Pilot on the NASA/Boeing 747 shuttle carrier airplane. Beyond the Sky Scobee first flew into space as pilot of the space shuttle Challenger during STS-41C on April 6, 1984. Crew members included spacecraft commander Captain Robert L. Crippen, and three mission specialists, Mr. Terry J. Hart, Dr. G. D. Pinky Nelson, and Dr. J. D. A. Ox van Hoften. During this mission, the crew successfully deployed the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), retrieved the ailing Solar Maximum Satellite, repaired the orbiting Challenger on board, and replaced it in orbit using the robot arm called the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), among other tasks. Mission duration was 7 days before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on April 13, 1984. That year, NASA honored him with the Space Flight medal and two Distinguished Service awards. Scobees Final Flight The next mission was as spacecraft commander of   the shuttle mission STS-51L, also aboard the space shuttle Challenger. That mission launched on January 28, 1986. The crew included the pilot, Commander M. J. Smith (USN) (pilot), three mission specialists, Dr. R. E. McNair, Lieutenant Colonel E. S. Onizuka (USAF),and Dr. J. A. Resnik, as well as two civilian payload specialists, Mr. G. B. Jarvis and Mrs. S. C. McAuliffe. One thing made this mission unique. It was scheduled to be the first flight of a new program called TISP, the Teacher In Space Program. The Challenger crew included mission specialist  Sharon Christa McAuliffe, the first teacher to fly in space. The mission itself was delayed due to bad weather and other issues.     Liftoff was initially scheduled at 3:43 p.m. EST on January 22, 1986. It slipped to the  23rd, then to January 24th, due to delays in mission 61-C, and then to January 25th because of bad weather at transoceanic abort landing (TAL) site in Dakar, Senegal.   The next launch date was January 27th, but another technical glitch delayed that one, too.   The ​space shuttle  Challenger finally lifted off at 11:38:00 a.m. EST.  Dick Scobee died along with his crew when the shuttle exploded 73 seconds into the mission, the first of two shuttle disasters. He was survived by his wife, June Scobee, and their children, Kathie Scobee Fulgham and Richard Scobee. He was later  inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.